Hordhac Daraasadeed
Waxaannu daraasaddan ku soo qaadi doonnaa fac-weynaanta kal-tirsi qorraxeedkan iyo dhererka sannadka; halka sannadku ka bilaabmo habeen ahaan; afarta xilli iyo xilliga ugu horreeya; astaamaha lagu garan karo curashada sannadka; iyo hab-tirsiga Dabshid ee Habeen-tiriska iyo Hog-tiriska.
Waxa kale oo si qoto-dheer loo eegayaa xidhiidhka kal-tirsiga iyo xiddigaha cirka ka muuqda—Goddadka, Moorada, Meerayaasha iyo hilimada ay maraan—iyo sida Dirirka iyo Laxuhu u jaangooyaan bilaha sannadka. Waxaannu falanqaynaynaa isku marag-furka cadceedda iyo dayaxa, iyo magacyada bilaha sida Seer-ma-weydo, Daydo, Dambasame iyo Toddob.
Fac-weynaanta kal-tirsiga iyo dhererka sannadka
Fac-weynaanta kal-tirsi qorraxeedkan Soomaalidu ma aha mid la malayn karo, sababta oo ah waxa uu ku jaan-go’an yahay nolosha dadka Soomaaliyeed iyo dhaqashada xoolaha nool. Iddaha gorodda madow ee laga helo dhulka Soomaalida oo keliya, laguna xidhiidhiyo xilli fog oo ku siman xilligii Nabi Ibraahim (CS) iyo Nabi Ismaaciil (CS), dhaqistoodu waxa ay si qumman ugu fadhidaa kal-tirsigan.
1.1 Dabshid — 130 habeen
Habeenka ugu horreeya sannadka ayaa naylaha laga gudhiyaa iddihii irmaanaa. Waxay gudhnaadaan ilaa habeenka Dambasame, ugu badnaan 130 habeen.
1.2 Dambasame — 150 habeen
Waa xilliga Summalka lagu sii daayo iddihii Haysimada ahaa. Waxay rimman yihiin qiyaastii 150 habeen, dabadeedna waxay dhalaan badhtamaha roobabka gu’ga.
1.3 Irmaan — 85 habeen
Laxaha gu’ga dhalay waxay sii irmaanaadaan 85 habeen, ilaa laga gaadho habeenka Dabshidka ee sannadku dib u curanayo.
Xisaabta sannadka
130 + 150 + 85 = 365 habeen
130 habeen oo laxdu aanay rimman ama irmaan ahayn, 150 habeen oo ay rimman tahay, iyo 85 habeen oo ay irmaan tahay ayaa sannadka qorraxda ee Soomaalidu tirsato ka dhigaya 365 habeen.
“Lambs conceived on the night of Dambasame will be born about 150 days later, which should be in the middle of the spring rains.”— Muuse H. I. Galaal, Stars, Seasons and Weather in Somali Pastoral Traditions
Halka sannadku ka bilaabmo
19-ka Luulyo — Habeenka Dabshid
Habeenka koowaad ee sannadku waxa uu ku beegan yahay 19-ka bisha Luulyo. Waxa la yidhaa Dabshid, waxaana bilaabanta bisha koowaad ee sannadka oo la yidhaa Samalaho.
“Dab-shid, or the ‘night of fire’ is the night of the Somali traditional New Year.” — Muuse H. I. Galaal
Astaamaha lagu garto curashada sannadka
Qorraxda
Qorraxdu waxa ay ku jirtaa godka Naaf-cadde ee Moorada Habar-Naaf (Cancer).
Dayaxa iyo Dirirka
Dayaxu waxa uu toddoba ku marayaa Dirirka—Samalaho 1, oo ku beegan 19-ka Luulyo.
Sac-wadaha
Xiddigga Sac-wadaha ayaa waaberiga qorraxda ka soo hormara.
Afarta xilli iyo xilliga ugu horreeya
Kal-tirsigu waxa uu ka kooban yahay afar xilli. Dayrta, Jiilaalka iyo Gu’gu waa min 91 habeen, halka Xagaagu yahay 92 habeen. Afarta xilli laba waa Doogaad—Xagaa iyo Gu’—labana waa Diraac—Dayr iyo Jiilaal. Xilliga ugu horreeya ee sannadku ka bilaabmaa waa Xagaa.
Xagaa
92 habeenXilliga koowaad; waxa uu ka kooban yahay Samalaho, Karan iyo Diraac-good.
Dayr
91 habeenWaxa uu ka kooban yahay Dambasame, Xoomir iyo Xays.
Jiilaal
91 habeenWaxa uu ka kooban yahay Toddob, Adhi-caseeye iyo Dirir-Daydo.
Gu’
91 habeenWaxa uu ka kooban yahay Seer-ma-weydo, Cawl iyo Sagaal.
Goddadka iyo Moorada ay afarta xilli ku kala dhashaan
5.1 God (Station)
Godku waa xiddigo isku tagay oo sameeya muuqaal iyo cabbir sugan oo cirka laga tirsado. Soomaalidu waxay tirsataa 28 God.
- ●Xagaa: Afaggaal — Godka 7aad
- ●Dayr: Dirir-Galaal — Godka 14aad
- ●Jiilaal: Madhan — Godka 21aad
- ●Gu’: Farangaag — Godka 28aad
Dayaxu god kasta waxa uu ku maraa hal habeen; qorraxdu 27 God waxay ku martaa min 13 habeen, hal Godna 14 habeen.
5.2 Mooro (Constellation)
Mooradu waa koox xiddigo ah oo samaysa muuqaal sugan, kana weyn Godka. Cirka waxa laga tirsadaa 12 Mooro; celcelis ahaan Mooro kasta waxa uu ka kooban yahay 2.33 God.
Dayaxu 12-ka Mooro waxa uu ku maraa muddo bil ah, halka cadceeddu ku marto 12 bilood—365 habeen ama hal sannad.
Hab-tirsiga sannadka Dabshid
Kal-tirsiga Dabshid waxa loo xisaabiyaa laba hab:
Habeen-tiris
Waa hab lagu tiriyo habeennada toddobaadka, iyada oo loo tirinayo qaab hufan oo aan gedmasho lahayn.
Hog-tiris
Waa hab-tiris ku fadhiya aqoonta xiddigiska. Cadceeddu 27 God waxay martaa min 13 habeen, halka hal God ay ku marto 14 habeen.
(27 × 13) + 14 = 365 habeen
Tirsiga sannadka iyo xiddigaha cirka
Goddadka, Moorada, Meerayaasha iyo hilimadu waxay xidhiidh joogto ah la leeyihiin kal-tirsiga. Dirirka (Spica) iyo Laxaha ama Ururka (Pleiades) ayaa si gaar ah u jaangooya bilaha, iyaga oo xilli sugan ku leh bil kasta sannad kasta.
Maahmaah xilliyeed
“Dirir Caddo galay diraaci ma laabna.”
7.1 Bilo-Dirir — Lix bilood
Bil kasta waxa calaamad u ah xiddiga Dirirka oo tiro go’an ku mara dayaxa. Lixdan bilood waxay ka kooban yihiin hal bil Jiilaal ah, saddex bilood oo Gu’ ah iyo laba bilood oo Xagaa ah.
| Bisha | Magaca | Dirirku Dayaxa ku maro | Taariikhda Miilaadiga |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Dirir-Daydo | 15aad–16aad | 19 Maarso–17 Abriil |
| 10 | Dirir-Seer-ma-weydo | 13aad–14aad | 18 Abriil–17 Maay |
| 11 | Dirir-Cawl | 11aad–12aad | 18 Maay–17 Juun |
| 12 | Dirir-Sagaal | 9aad–10aad | 18 Juun–18 Luulyo |
| 1 | Dirir-Samalaho | 7aad–8aad | 19 Luulyo–18 Agoosto |
| 2 | Karan | 5aad–6aad | 19 Agoosto–18 Sebteembar |
7.2 Bilo-Dambasame — Lix bilood
Lixdan bilood waxa jaangooya Laxaha ama Ururka (Pleiades) oo tiro go’an ku mara dayaxa. Waxay ka kooban yihiin hal bil Xagaa ah, saddex bilood oo Dayr ah iyo laba bilood oo Jiilaal ah.
| Bisha | Magaca | Laxuhu Dayaxa ku maraan | Taariikhda Miilaadiga |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Diraac-good | 15aad–16aad | 19 Sebteembar–18 Oktoobar |
| 4 | Dambasame | 13aad–14aad | 19 Oktoobar–18 Nofeembar |
| 5 | Xoomir | 11aad–12aad | 19 Nofeembar–18 Diseembar |
| 6 | Xays | 9aad–10aad | 19 Diseembar–17 Jannaayo |
| 7 | Toddob | 7aad–8aad | 18 Jannaayo–15 Febraayo |
| 8 | Adhi-caseeye | 5aad–6aad | 16 Febraayo–18 Maarso |
“Normally the beginning of the Gu falls in the season Daydo Dirir which should be the 15th of the lunar month corresponding to the end of March in the Gregorian calendar.”— Muuse H. I. Galaal
“When the moon is in this station on the 15th of the lunar month marking the middle of the Dayr season, the night of Dambasame occurs.”— Muuse H. I. Galaal
Gabagabo: isku marag-furka cadceedda iyo dayaxa
Samalaho iyo Naaf-cadde
Samalaho waa bisha koowaad ee kal-tirsiga Dabshid. Bisha dayaxa ee dhexdeeda dhalataa waxay ku dhalataa Godka Naaf-cadde, Dirirkana waxay ku martaa toddoba habeen.
Habeenka ay Dirirku toddoba ku tahay ayuu sannadka Dabshid ee cadceeddu dhashaa; cadceedduna waxay ku jirtaa isla Godka Naaf-cadde. Sidaas ayay dayaxa, cadceedda iyo Goddadku iskaga marag-kacaan dhalashada sannadka.
Xogtani waa qayb ka mid ah daraasadaha Cilmiga Xiddigiska iyo aqoonta kal-tirsiga Soomaalida. Waxa kale oo ay soo xiganaysaa cilmi-baadhistii Alle ha u naxariistee Muuse Xaaji Ismaaciil Galaal, gaar ahaan buuggiisa Stars, Seasons and Weather in Somali Pastoral Traditions.
Jaan-tuska 1aad: Kal-tirsi Qorraxeedka Dabshid
| Xilli | Bisha | Magaca | Habeenno | Marinka Dayaxa | Taariikhda Miilaadiga |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xagaa | 1 | Dirir-Samalaho | 31 | 7aad–8aad | 19 Luulyo–18 Agoosto |
| Xagaa | 2 | Karan | 31 | 5aad–6aad | 19 Agoosto–18 Sebteembar |
| Xagaa | 3 | Diraac-good | 30 | 15aad–16aad | 19 Sebteembar–18 Oktoobar |
| Dayr | 4 | Dambasame | 31 | 13aad–14aad | 19 Oktoobar–18 Nofeembar |
| Dayr | 5 | Xoomir | 30 | 11aad–12aad | 19 Nofeembar–18 Diseembar |
| Dayr | 6 | Xays | 30 | 9aad–10aad | 19 Diseembar–17 Jannaayo |
| Jiilaal | 7 | Toddob | 29 | 7aad–8aad | 18 Jannaayo–15 Febraayo |
| Jiilaal | 8 | Adhi-caseeye | 31 | 5aad–6aad | 16 Febraayo–18 Maarso |
| Jiilaal | 9 | Dirir-Daydo | 30 | 15aad–16aad | 19 Maarso–17 Abriil |
| Gu’ | 10 | Dirir-Seer-ma-weydo | 30 | 13aad–14aad | 18 Abriil–17 Maay |
| Gu’ | 11 | Dirir-Cawl | 31 | 11aad–12aad | 18 Maay–17 Juun |
| Gu’ | 12 | Dirir-Sagaal | 31 | 9aad–10aad | 18 Juun–18 Luulyo |
Jaan-tuska 2aad: Bilo-Dirir iyo Bilo-Dambasame
Bilo-Dirir
| Bisha | Magaca | Marinka | Miilaadiga |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | Dirir-Daydo | 15aad–16aad | 19 Maarso–17 Abriil |
| 10 | Dirir-Seer-ma-weydo | 13aad–14aad | 18 Abriil–17 Maay |
| 11 | Dirir-Cawl | 11aad–12aad | 18 Maay–17 Juun |
| 12 | Dirir-Sagaal | 9aad–10aad | 18 Juun–18 Luulyo |
| 1 | Dirir-Samalaho | 7aad–8aad | 19 Luulyo–18 Agoosto |
| 2 | Karan | 5aad–6aad | 19 Agoosto–18 Sebteembar |
Bilo-Dambasame
| Bisha | Magaca | Marinka | Miilaadiga |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Diraac-good | 15aad–16aad | 19 Sebteembar–18 Oktoobar |
| 4 | Dambasame | 13aad–14aad | 19 Oktoobar–18 Nofeembar |
| 5 | Xoomir | 11aad–12aad | 19 Nofeembar–18 Diseembar |
| 6 | Xays | 9aad–10aad | 19 Diseembar–17 Jannaayo |
| 7 | Toddob | 7aad–8aad | 18 Jannaayo–15 Febraayo |
| 8 | Adhi-caseeye | 5aad–6aad | 16 Febraayo–18 Maarso |
Tusaale: 2018 Miilaadi / 3115–3116 Dabshid
Dirir-Daydo 14
15-ka bisha Dayaxa
1 Abriil 2018
Dirir Seer-ma-weydo 11
13-ka bisha Dayaxa
28 Abriil 2018
Dirir-Cawl 08
11-ka bisha Dayaxa
25 Maay 2018
Dirir-Sagaal 05
9-ka bisha Dayaxa
22 Juun 2018
Samalaho 1
7-da bisha Dayaxa
19 Luulyo 2018